A valid HTML document declares what version of HTML is used in the document. The document type declaration names the document type definition (DTD) in use for the document
There are many different documents on the web. A browser can only display a document correctly, if it knows what kind of document it is.
There are also many different versions of HTML, and a browser can only display an HTML page 100% correctly if it knows the exact HTML version used in the page. This is what <!DOCTYPE> is used for.
DOCTYPE Declaration is the abbreviation for Document Type Declaration (DTD).
<!DOCTYPE> is not an HTML tag. It is an information (a declaration) to the browser about what version the HTML is written in.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>
Common Declarations
HTML5
<!DOCTYPE html>
HTML 4.01
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
XHTML 1.0
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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